List of Voltage-Sensitive Dyes

Commonly used voltage-sensitive dyes are listed below.

Name	Wavelength	Reference papers	Note	Suppliers
Di-4-ANEPPS (JPW211)	Ex: 530nm Em: 590nm	Spectra, membrane binding, and potentiometric responses of new charge shift probes Biochemistry . 1985 Oct 8;24(21):5749-55. Functional Dissection of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Neural Activity Propagation Using Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex eNeuro 17 November 2023, 10 (12) ENEURO.0161-23.2023;		- Thermo Fischer Scientific - Biotium - Santa Cruz Biotechnology - Potentiometric Probes - AnaSpec
Di-2-ANEPEQ (JPW1114)	Ex: 530nm Em: 590nm	Optical signals from neurons with internally applied voltage-sensitive dyes J Neurosci . 1995 Feb;15(2):1392-405.	Designed for intracellular application. Also, work well when applied externally, but may wash out quickly.	- Potentiometric Probes - Thermo Fischer Scientific
Di-8-ANEPPS (JPW1153)	Ex: 530nm Em: 590nm	Localized membrane depolarizations and localized calcium influx during electric field-guided neurite growth Neuron . 1992 Sep;9(3):393-403.	Very slow internalization, permitting studies with longer durations. Dual wavelength ratiometric fluorescence (Ex:450nm/510 nm, Em>570nm) can be used.	- Potentiometric Probes - Thermo Fischer Scientific - AAT Bioquest
Di-4-ANBDQBS (JPW6003)	Ex: 650nm Em: 720nm	Near Infrared Voltage Sensitive Fluorescent Dyes Optimized for Optical Mapping in Blood-Perfused Myocardium Heart Rhythm. 2007 Nov; 4(11): 1441-1451.		- Potentiometric Probes - AAT Bioquest
RH-237	Ex: 528nm Em: 782nm	Improved fluorescent probes for the measurement of rapid changes in membrane potential. Biophys J. 1982 Sep; 39(3): 301-308.		- Thermo Fischer Scientific - AAT Bioquest
RH-421	Ex: 515nm Em: 704nm	Fluorescence monitoring of electrical responses from small neurons and their processes. Biophys J. 1983 May; 42(2): 195-198.		- MedChemExpress - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
RH-795	Ex: 530nm Em: 712nm	Cortical point-spread function and long-range lateral interactions revealed by real-time optical imaging of macaque monkey primary visual cortex. J Neurosci. 1994 May 1; 14(5): 2545-2568.		- MedChemExpress - Biotium - AAT Bioquest
RH-414	Ex: 532nm Em: 716nm	Real-time optical imaging of naturally evoked electrical activity in intact frog brain. Nature volume 308, pages848-850 (1984)		- Biotium - MedChemExpress - AAT Bioquest
RH-1691	Ex: 630nm Em: 700nm	Long-term voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals cortical dynamics in behaving monkeys. J Neurophysiol . 2002 Dec;88(6):3421-38.		Not commercially available
RH-1692	Ex: 630nm Em: 700nm	Imaging cortical dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution with novel blue voltage-sensitive dyes. Neuron . 1999 Dec;24(4):791-802.		Not commercially available
FluoVolt	Ex: 488nm Em: 517nm	Geometrical Patterning and Constituent Cell Heterogeneity Facilitate Electrical Conduction Disturbances in a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Platform: An In vitro Disease Model of Atrial Arrhythmias. Front Physiol. 2019; 10: 818.		- Thermo Fischer Scientific
ANNINE-6plus	Ex: 488nm Em: 600nm	ANNINE-6plus, a voltage-sensitive dye with good solubility, strong membrane binding and high sensitivity Eur Biophys J. 2008 Apr; 37(4): 509-514.	ANNINE-6plus has a fractional fluorescent intensity change (ΔF/F per 100 mV change) of about 30% with single-photon excitation (~488 nm) and >50% with two-photon excitation (~1060 nm).	Not commercially available
PGH I-VIII (Pittsburgh I-VIII)	Ex: 550nm / Em: 720nm Ex: 670nm / Em: 830nm	Properties of New, Long Wavelength, Voltage-Sensitive Dyes in the Heart J Membr Biol. 2005 Nov; 208(2): 125-140. 509-514.	2 excitation and 2 voltage-sensitive emission peaks, with large Stokes shifts (> 100 nm). Good for simultaneous mapping of APs and intracellular Ca2+.	Not commercially available
RH-155 (NK3041)	650-720nm	Ca²⁺- and K⁺-dependent communication between central nervous system myelinated axons and oligodendrocytes revealed by voltage-sensitive dyes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1986 Sep;83(17):6651-5. Optogenetic interrogation of neural circuits: technology for probing mammalian brain structures Nat Protoc. 2010 Mar; 5(3): 439-456.	Absorption dye High affinity for glial cell membrane	- Santa Cruz Biotechnology - AAT Bioquest
RH-482 (NK3630/ JPW1132)	700-705nm	Optical recording of electrical activity from parallel fibres and other cell types in skate cerebellar slices in vitro J Physiol. 1987 Dec; 393: 681-702. High precision and fast functional mapping of cortical circuitry through a novel combination of voltage sensitive dye imaging and laser scanning photostimulation J Neurophysiol. 2010 Apr; 103(4): 2301-2312.	Absorption dye	Not commercially available

(The table above contains general information. The optimal wavelengths vary depending on experimental conditions.)

Product suitable for this kind of application

MiCAM03-N256 is a high-speed imaging system that captures and visualizes small changes in fluorescence intensity from biological samples stained with fluorescent probes, such as voltage sensitive dyes and calcium dyes.

Spatial Resolution :: 128x128 - 256x256 pixles
(32x32 pixels - 256x256 pixles with option)
Maximum Frame Rate :: 1,000fps
(20,000 fps available with option)
Up to 2 camera heads can be used with completely synchronization.

The THT is a fluorescence widefield mesoscope developed for detecting low light fluorescence that is emitted from biological sample at a low magnicifation. This mesoscope has a very simple optical path combining two large-diameter objective lenses and a custom-made large fluorescent filter